The God who is born from the rock. Comparative aspects of the myth of the birth of Mithras

Authors

  • Juan Antonio Álvarez-Pedrosa Universidad Complutense de Madrid

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/emerita.2016.15.1506

Keywords:

Mithras Petrogenitus, Mihr Yašt, Rig- Veda, Hittite Theogony, Diorphos, Agdistis, Erichthonius, Mithraism

Abstract


This article aims to improve and complete some reconstructive proposals already existing that relate the myth of the Roman God Mithras' birth from a rock with other traditions, namely some Hittite myths or some legends from Minor Asia. By including data from Hittite Theogony and Rig- Veda and integrating them in a set together with the iconographic information from Roman Mithraism and Sassanid Persia, I propose an Indo-European origin for the myth of the God born from a rock.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alvar, J. 2008: Romanising Oriental Gods. Myth, Salvation and Ethics in the Cults of Cybele, Isis and Mithras, Leiden. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004132931.i-486

Beck, R. 2006: The Religion of the Mithras Cult in the Roman Empire, Oxford.

Bernabé, A. 1989: «Generaciones de dioses y sucesión interrumpida. El mito hitita de Kumarbi, la Teogonía de Hesíodo y el Papiro de Derveni », Aula Orientalis 7, pp. 159-179.

Bernabé, A. 2000: «Los mitos hititas sobre Kumarbi y la Teogonía de Hesíodo: semejanzas en la forma y diversidad de concepción religiosa», Cadmo. Revista do Instituto Oriental Universidade de Lisboa 10, pp. 147-166.

Bernabé, A. 2009: «El extraordinario embarazo de Kumarbi», en Barreira, D. A. y del Olmo, G. (eds.), Reconstructing a Distant Past. Ancient Near Eastern Essays in Tribute to Jorge R. Silva Castillo, Sabadell, pp. 23-30.

Bottéro, J. y Kramer, S. N. 2004: Cuando los dioses hacían de hombres, Mitología mesopotámica, Madrid.

Burkert, W. 1979: «Von Ullikummi zum Kaukasus: die Felsgeburt des Unholds. Zur Kontinuität einer mündlichen Erzählung», Würzburger Jahrbücher N.F. 5, pp. 253-261.

Callieri, P. 1990: «On the Diffusion of the Mithra Images in Sasanian Iran. New evidence from a Seal in the British Museum», East and West 40, pp. 79-98.

Campbell, L. R. 1968: Mithraic Iconography and Ideology, Leiden.

Campos, I. 2006: El dios Mitra: los orígenes de su culto anterior al mitraísmo romano, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.

Choksy, J. y Kotwal, F. M. 2005: «Praise and Piety: Niy?yi?n and Ya?ts in the History of Zoroastrian Praxis», BSOAS 68, pp. 215-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X0500011X

CIL: Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum.

CIMRM: Vermaseren, M. J. 1956-1960: Corpus inscriptionum et monumentorum religionis Mithriacae I-II, La Haya.

Clauss, M. 2000: The Roman cult of Mithras: the god and his mysteries, Edimburgo. PMCid:PMC316338

CTH: Lejeune, E. 1971: Catalogue des textes Hittites , París, Klincksieck. Actualizado en internet: S. Ko?ak - G. G. W. Müller, hethiter.net/: Catalog (2014-07-28); <http://www.hethport.uni-wuerzburg.de/CTH/>

Cumont, F. 1900: Les mystères de Mithra, Bruselas.

García Trabazo, J. V. 2002: Textos religiosos hititas, Madrid.

Gershevitch, I. 1959: The Avestan Hymn to Mithra. With an introduction, translation and commentary, Cambridge.

Gonda, J. 1972: The Vedic God Mitra, Leiden.

Gordon, R. L. 1975: «Franz Cumont and the Doctrines of Mithraism», en Hinnells, J. R. (ed.), Mithraic Studies I, Manchester, pp. 215-48.

Grenet, F 2003: «Mithra, dieu iranien: nouvelles données», Topoi 11, pp. 35-58. de Jong, A. 1997: Traditions of the Magi: Zoroastrianism in Greek and Latin literature, Leiden. PMCid:PMC145364

Kellens, J. 2000: «Promenade dans les Ya?ts à la lumière de travaux récents», Annuaire du Collège de France 1998-1999 . Résumés des cours et travaux, 99? année, París, pp. 688-690.

Lancellotti, M. G. 2002: Attis, Between Myth and History: King, Priest and God, Leiden.

Laroche, E. 1969: Textes mythologiques hittites en transcription, París.

Mastrocinque, A. 2009: Des Mystères de Mithra aux Mystères de Jésus, Stuttgart. PMid:18618208

Neri, I. 2000: «Mithra Petrogénito. Origine iconografica e aspetti cultuali della nascita dalla pietra», Ostraka 9, pp. 227-245.

Pirart, E. 2006: Guerriers d'Iran. Traductions annotées des textes avestiques du culte zoroastrien rendu aux dieux Ti?trya, Mi?ra et V??ragna , París. RV: RigVeda.

Sundermann, W. 1979: «The Five Sons of the Manichaean God Mithra», en Bianchi, U. (ed.), Mysteria Mithrae. Proceedings of the International Seminar on the Religion-Historical Character of Roman Mithraism with Particular Reference to Roman an Ostian Sources , Roma, pp. 485-499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004295605_048

Ulansey, D. 1989: The Origins of the Mithraic Mysteries: Cosmology and Salvation in the Ancient World, Oxford.

Vermaseren, M. J. 1951: «The miraculous Birth of Mithras» Mnemosyne 4, pp. 285-301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852551X00318

Vermaseren, M. J. 1982: Mithriaca. III. The Mithraeum at Marino , Leiden. Yt.: Ya?t.

Downloads

Published

2016-12-30

How to Cite

Álvarez-Pedrosa, J. A. (2016). The God who is born from the rock. Comparative aspects of the myth of the birth of Mithras. Emerita, 84(2), 317–331. https://doi.org/10.3989/emerita.2016.15.1506

Issue

Section

Articles